Function executeWithRetry

Dispatches one logical request with the full resilience pipeline: the per-attempt circuit check, the pre-dispatch rate-limit pacing wait, the network dispatch, the envelope resolution (including the allowPartialData partial path), the cache write-back, the failure recording, the retry-budget accounting, and every lifecycle-hook emission. It retries retryable failures under the resolved policy until one succeeds or the failure surfaces.

This loop owns its invariants: it settles the half-open probe exactly once per attempt outcome, fires onResponse exactly once per attempt (the responseReported guard keeps the error path from double-emitting after a success-path emission), the cumulative pacedWaitMs/retryWaitMs accumulators span attempts, and a budget unit is spent exactly when a retry is scheduled.